Best Democracy in America By Alexis de Tocqueville,Harvey C. Mansfield
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Ebook About Alexis de Tocqueville (1805-59) came to America in 1831 to see what a great republic was like. What struck him most was the country's equality of conditions, its democracy. The book he wrote on his return to France, Democracy in America, is both the best ever written on democracy and the best ever written on America. It remains the most often quoted book about the United States, not only because it has something to interest and please everyone, but also because it has something to teach everyone. When it was published in 2000, Harvey Mansfield and Delba Winthrop's new translation of Democracy in America—only the third since the original two-volume work was published in 1835 and 1840—was lauded in all quarters as the finest and most definitive edition of Tocqueville's classic thus far. Mansfield and Winthrop have restored the nuances of Tocqueville's language, with the expressed goal "to convey Tocqueville's thought as he held it rather than to restate it in comparable terms of today." The result is a translation with minimal interpretation, but with impeccable annotations of unfamiliar references and a masterful introduction placing the work and its author in the broader contexts of political philosophy and statesmanship.Book Democracy in America Review :
I’ve always been fascinated by America, the American experiment, the American experience. In college, I found my place in the sociology, anthropology, political science and literature of the American people, values and ideals. My novels are born of the culture of merging, conflicting cultures we, as Americans, were born into, from my conviction that dealing with that experience is the challenge of being American. Only once before, in 1968, have I had the horrifying sense that the country was coming apart under the strain, a sense of the great experiment disintegrating.What has happened to us? Where did this disintegration into hate and violence, this contempt for our institutions begin and where is it taking us? From all of my early studies, the work that keeps coming to mind, as I look for answers is Alexis de Tocqueville’s Democracy in America. De Tocqueville was a French aristocrat who hated tyranny and feared that democracy would disintegrate into tyranny of the majority. He understood, however that democracy was the future, so in 1831 he came to America in order to see it in action. To my mind, no student should graduate from high school in the United States without reading his observations and reflections on the American people, for we desperately need to renew our sense of not only the hope but the challenges of being an American and a commitment to support its survival as a democracy.De Tocqueville feared individualism and the abolition of the class system that, he believed, gave order and stability to the European nations. He believed that without that order, people would be forever anxious about where they belonged and would end up forever comparing themselves to each other. Forever insecure, their individualism would devolve into selfishness and each would end up alone. We should take a good look at ourselves in light of this fear. Has our insecurity, our need to know where we belong splintered us into rival groups where each gains stature by debunking the other?However, De Tocqueville also found in the Americans, an equality unknown in Europe and with a deep sense of community and civil order. He found a people committed to building a new world, to resolving together the problems that confronted them. He believed that the multitude of civic organizations would counter the dangers of individualism. The men, he thought, would forever strive to power and acquisition of wealth, but the mores, the “habits of the heart” carried by the women, would provide the civilizing force.He has a great deal to say about the role of religion in the New World and many other subjects, but this gives a taste of a perspective different enough to shake up the all-to-stale ideologies that have broken us into enemy camps. We have indeed joined civil action groups, but we have, since Trump’s election, discovered the importance of unwritten mores, that undergird our common culture. That gives us the opportunity to regain our sense of belonging to a whole.His views on the role of women should spark lively conversations on individualism versus commitment for both genders as well as on the effect of the rampant greed of the eighties and nineties. De Tocqueville believed it is the “habits of the heart” that give the Americans strength. We need to rediscover those together. This translation has a neoconservative spin.The translators are well know for their reactionary, so called now "conservative" views, writings and teachings.It's also translated and written in a way that is confusing and not easy to understand.George Lawrence’s translation is still the most accurate, clear and most importantly honest translation to date.Here are some comparisons:Tocqueville criticizes Connecticut lawgivers for copying from the Bible to establish laws.On page 41 Lawrence's translation says: If an man after legal conviction shall have or worship any other God but the Lord God, he shall be put to death.There follow ten or twelve provisions of the same sort taken word for word from Deuteronomy, Exodus, or Leviticus.Mansfield translation says on page 38: If any man (after legal conviction), shall have or worship any other God but the Lord God,” they say to begin with, “ he shall be put to death”There follow ten or twelve provisions of the same nature, borrowed from the texts of Deutoronomy, Exodus, and Leviticus.Lawrence used "taken word for word" Mansfield used "borrowed"Tocqueville used the French word “textuellement”.The font is even sideways to emphasize the fact the the lawgivers were copying word for word from the Bible to come up with their laws.By using the word “borrowed” Mansfield distorts what Tocqueville clearly wrote, that the lawgivers where copying textually from the Bible to make their laws.Borrowed is not the same as textually, word for word or copying.Borrowing means that you are going to use some or part of an ideas or words but not the whole text.Mansfield distorts Tocqueville's words and meaning.Was he trying to hide or dismiss Tocqueville’s criticism of lawgivers making laws by textually copying word from word from the Bible?On page 10 Lawrence correctly translates: Even more often we find kings giving the lower classes in the state a share in government in order to humble the aristocracy.Mansfield translates on page 4: Even more often one saw the kings have the lower classes of the state participate in the government in order to bring down the aristocracy.The original french says: afin d'abaisser, (with the purpose of lowering) which in this context doesn’t mean that kings wanted to bring down aristocracy. That would mean that they wanted the aristocracies destroyed, as when you say: I’m going to bring you down.Once again Lawrence correctly uses the word humble which communicates that the kings wanted to diminish aristocracy’s power, not to bring them down.Was Mansfield trying to scare or warn current aristocracies about their destruction by using the words bring down instead of humbling?Mansfield translation could easily be included in Tocqueville’s admonition to Reeve’s on his first translation into English on a letter he wrote from France:Your translation must maintain my attitude; this I demand not only from the translator, but from the man. It has seemed to me that in the translation of the last book you have, without wanting it, following the instinct of your opinions, very lively colored what was contrary to democracy and rather appeased what could do wrong to aristocracy. 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